/ Design Patterns / Structural patterns / Decorator

Decorator Design Pattern in Java

Before

Inheritance run amok

class A {
    public void doIt() {
        System.out.print('A');
    }
}

class AwithX extends A {
    public  void doIt() {
        super.doIt();
        doX();
    }

    private void doX() {
        System.out.print('X');
    }
}

class aWithY extends A {
    public void doIt() {
        super.doIt();
        doY();
    }

    public void doY()  {
        System.out.print('Y');
    }
}

class aWithZ extends A {
    public void doIt() {
        super.doIt();
        doZ();
    }

    public void doZ() {
        System.out.print('Z');
    }
}

class AwithXY extends AwithX {
    private aWithY obj = new aWithY();
    public void doIt() {
        super.doIt();
        obj.doY();
    }
}

class AwithXYZ extends AwithX {
    private aWithY obj1 = new aWithY();
    private aWithZ obj2 = new aWithZ();

    public void doIt() {
        super.doIt();
        obj1.doY();
        obj2.doZ();
    }
}

public class DecoratorDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        A[] array = {new AwithX(), new AwithXY(), new AwithXYZ()};
        for (A a : array) {
            a.doIt();
            System.out.print("  ");
        }
    }
}


After

interface I { 
    void doIt(); 
}

class A implements I { 
    public void doIt() { 
        System.out.print('A'); 
    } 
}

abstract class D implements I {
    private I core;
    public D(I inner) {
        core = inner;
    }

    public void doIt() {
        core.doIt();
    }
}

class X extends D {
    public X(I inner) {
        super(inner);
    }

    public void doIt() {
        super.doIt();
        doX();
    }

    private void doX() {
        System.out.print('X');
    }
}

class Y extends D {
    public Y(I inner) {
        super(inner);
    }

    public void doIt()  {
        super.doIt();
        doY();
    }

    private void doY() {
        System.out.print('Y');
    }
}

class Z extends D {
    public Z(I inner) {
        super(inner);
    }

    public void doIt()  {
        super.doIt();
        doZ();
    }

    private void doZ() {
        System.out.print('Z');
    }
}

public class DecoratorDemo {
    public static void main( String[] args ) {
        I[] array = {new X(new A()), new Y(new X(new A())),
                new Z(new Y(new X(new A())))};
        for (I anArray : array) {
            anArray.doIt();
            System.out.print("  ");
        }
    }
}

Output

AX  AXY  AXYZ

Code examples

Java Decorator in Java Decorator in Java Decorator in Java Decorator in Java
C++ Decorator in C++: Before and after Decorator in C++ Decorator in C++: Encoding and decoding layers of header/packet/trailer
PHP Decorator in PHP
Delphi Decorator in Delphi
Python Decorator in Python