Flyweight Design Pattern in C++

Flyweight design pattern demo

Discussion. Flyweight describes how to share objects, so that their use at fine granularity is not cost prohibitive. A key concept is the distinction between "intrinsic" and "extrinsic" state. Intrinsic state consists of information that is independent of the flyweight's context - information that is sharable (i.e. each Icon's name, width, and height).

It is stored in the flyweight (i.e. the Icon class). Extrinsic state cannot be shared, it depends on and varies with the Flyweight's context (i.e. the x,y position that each Icon instance's upper left corner will be drawn at). Extrinsic state is stored or computed by the client and is passed to the flyweight when an operation is invoked. Clients should not instantiate Flyweights directly, they should obtain them exclusively from a FlyweightFactory object to ensure they are shared properly.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>

class Icon
{
  public:
    Icon(char *fileName)
    {
        strcpy(_name, fileName);
        if (!strcmp(fileName, "go"))
        {
            _width = 20;
            _height = 20;
        }
        if (!strcmp(fileName, "stop"))
        {
            _width = 40;
            _height = 40;
        }
        if (!strcmp(fileName, "select"))
        {
            _width = 60;
            _height = 60;
        }
        if (!strcmp(fileName, "undo"))
        {
            _width = 30;
            _height = 30;
        }
    }
    const char *getName()
    {
        return _name;
    }
    draw(int x, int y)
    {
        cout << "   drawing " << _name << ": upper left (" << x << "," << y << 
          ") - lower right (" << x + _width << "," << y + _height << ")" <<
          endl;
    }
  private:
    char _name[20];
    int _width;
    int _height;
};

class FlyweightFactory
{
  public:
    static Icon *getIcon(char *name)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < _numIcons; i++)
          if (!strcmp(name, _icons[i]->getName()))
            return _icons[i];
        _icons[_numIcons] = new Icon(name);
        return _icons[_numIcons++];
    }
    static void reportTheIcons()
    {
        cout << "Active Flyweights: ";
        for (int i = 0; i < _numIcons; i++)
          cout << _icons[i]->getName() << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }
  private:
    enum
    {
        MAX_ICONS = 5
    };
    static int _numIcons;
    static Icon *_icons[MAX_ICONS];
};

int FlyweightFactory::_numIcons = 0;
Icon *FlyweightFactory::_icons[];

class DialogBox
{
  public:
    DialogBox(int x, int y, int incr): _iconsOriginX(x), _iconsOriginY(y),
      _iconsXIncrement(incr){}
    virtual void draw() = 0;
  protected:
    Icon *_icons[3];
    int _iconsOriginX;
    int _iconsOriginY;
    int _iconsXIncrement;
};

class FileSelection: public DialogBox
{
  public:
    FileSelection(Icon *first, Icon *second, Icon *third): DialogBox(100, 100,
      100)
    {
        _icons[0] = first;
        _icons[1] = second;
        _icons[2] = third;
    }
    void draw()
    {
        cout << "drawing FileSelection:" << endl;
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
          _icons[i]->draw(_iconsOriginX + (i *_iconsXIncrement), _iconsOriginY);
    }
};

class CommitTransaction: public DialogBox
{
  public:
    CommitTransaction(Icon *first, Icon *second, Icon *third): DialogBox(150,
      150, 150)
    {
        _icons[0] = first;
        _icons[1] = second;
        _icons[2] = third;
    }
    void draw()
    {
        cout << "drawing CommitTransaction:" << endl;
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
          _icons[i]->draw(_iconsOriginX + (i *_iconsXIncrement), _iconsOriginY);
    }
};

int main()
{
  DialogBox *dialogs[2];
  dialogs[0] = new FileSelection(FlyweightFactory::getIcon("go"),
    FlyweightFactory::getIcon("stop"), FlyweightFactory::getIcon("select"));
  dialogs[1] = new CommitTransaction(FlyweightFactory::getIcon("select"),
    FlyweightFactory::getIcon("stop"), FlyweightFactory::getIcon("undo"));

  for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
    dialogs[i]->draw();

  FlyweightFactory::reportTheIcons();
}

Output

drawing FileSelection:
   drawing go: upper left (100,100) - lower right (120,120)
   drawing stop: upper left (200,100) - lower right (240,140)
   drawing select: upper left (300,100) - lower right (360,160)
drawing CommitTransaction:
   drawing select: upper left (150,150) - lower right (210,210)
   drawing stop: upper left (300,150) - lower right (340,190)
   drawing undo: upper left (450,150) - lower right (480,180)
Active Flyweights: go stop select undo

Java	Flyweight in Java	Flyweight in Java	Flyweight in Java	Flyweight in Java
C++	Flyweight in C++: Before and after	Flyweight in C++
PHP	Flyweight in PHP
Python	Flyweight in Python

Flyweight Design Pattern in C++

Flyweight design pattern demo

Output

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