Observer Design Pattern in Java

Observer design pattern

1. Model the “independent” functionality with a “subject” abstraction
2. Model the “dependent” functionality with “observer” hierarchy
3. The Subject is coupled only to the Observer base class
4. Observers register themselves with the Subject
5. The Subject broadcasts events to all registered Observers
6. Observers “pull” the information they need from the Subject
7. Client configures the number and type of Observers

abstract class Observer { 
protected Subject subj; 
  public abstract void update();
}

class HexObserver extends Observer { 
  public HexObserver( Subject s ) { 
    subj = s; 
    subj.attach( this ); 
  }

  public void update() { 
  System.out.print( " " + Integer.toHexString( subj.getState() ) ); 
  } 
} // Observers "pull" information 

class OctObserver extends Observer { 
  public OctObserver( Subject s ) {
    subj = s;
    subj.attach( this );
  } 
  public void update() {
    System.out.print( " " + Integer.toOctalString( subj.getState() ) );
  } 
} // Observers "pull" information 

class BinObserver extends Observer { 
  public BinObserver( Subject s ) { 
    subj = s; 
    subj.attach( this ); } // Observers register themselves 
    public void update() { 
    System.out.print( " " + Integer.toBinaryString( subj.getState() ) ); 
  } 
}

class Subject { 
  private Observer[] observers = new Observer[9];
  private int totalObs = 0;
  private int state;
  public void attach( Observer o ) {
    observers[totalObs++] = o;
  }

  public int getState() {
    return state;
  }
  
  public void setState( int in ) {
    state = in;
    notify();
  }

  private void notify() {
    for (int i=0; i < totalObs; i++) {
      observers[i].update();
    }
  }
}

public class ObserverDemo {
  public static void main( String[] args ) {
    Subject sub = new Subject();
    // Client configures the number and type of Observers
    new HexObserver( sub );
    new OctObserver( sub );
    new BinObserver( sub );
    Scanner scan = new Scanner();
    while (true) {
      System.out.print( "\nEnter a number: " );
      sub.setState( scan.nextInt() );
    }
  }
}